Greek Encyclopedia
Greek EncyclopediaHistory, art, culture, mythology, geography and technology
  • History
    History

    Greek and world history from antiquity to the present day: events, eras, states and the people who shaped them.

    Romulus and Remus suckling beneath a standing she-wolf that rests one hind leg on a rock, in an etching by Hollar.

    Romulus and Remus: Fratricide on the Palatine and the Founding of Rome

    Colourful houses of Parga rising above the waterfront, with café umbrellas and the rock armour lining the shore.

    Parga: Landscape and History to Its Union with Greece in 1913

    Marble head of a bald, bearded man attributed to the historian Herodotus, on a pedestal in the Stoa of Attalos, Athens

    Herodotus: the historian from Halicarnassus and his inquiry into the Persian Wars

    • Antiquity
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  • Greek Art
    Greek Art

    Greek art across the centuries, from ancient sculpture and pottery to Byzantine icons and modern Greek painting.

    Saint Christopher by Theophanes wading through a river, with Christ on his left shoulder and a leafy staff in his right hand

    Theophanes Strelitzas Bathas: Saint Christopher at the Anapafsas Monastery

    Full-length Saint James the Persian with a cross, domed headdress and reddish-brown mantle, in a fresco by Theophanes.

    Theophanes Strelitzas Bathas: Saint James the Persian

    Enthroned Virgin with Christ in the gold apse mosaic of Hagia Sophia, Thessaloniki, with an inscription along the base.

    The Virgin of Hagia Sophia, Thessaloniki

    • Ancient Greek Art
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    • Modern and Contemporary Greek Art
  • World Art
    World Art

    Art from Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas and Oceania: major works, artists, movements and artistic traditions.

    Pair of scrolls by Kōno Bairei: the Buddha's parinirvana on the left, Uzume dancing before Amaterasu's cave on the right.

    Amaterasu and the Heavenly Rock Cave: The Myth of the Sun’s Return

    Venus embraces the seated Adonis beneath a tree, with Cupid at lower left and a hunting dog on the right.

    Hans von Aachen: Venus and Adonis

    Entry of the Theotokos: Joachim and Anna bring the young Mary to Zacharias before a three-domed temple, as an angel feeds her

    The Entry of the Theotokos into the Temple: a fourteenth-century icon from the Northern Dvina

    • European Art
      • Classical European Painting
      • Modern and Contemporary European Art
    • Asian Art
    • African Art
    • Art of the Americas
    • Oceanic Art
    • Slavic, Coptic and Armenian Art
  • Geography of Greece
    Geography of Greece

    The geography of Greece: its cities, villages and settlements, mountains, rivers, islands and natural landscape.

    Small harbour on Alonissos with moored boats, white houses on the hillside and a tall layered rock on the right.

    Alonissos: The Natural Beauty and Settlements of a Verdant Island

    Colourful houses of Parga rising above the waterfront, with café umbrellas and the rock armour lining the shore.

    Parga: Landscape and History to Its Union with Greece in 1913

    Stone-paved lane between stone buildings, with an arched opening on the left and a timber shelter beside a large deciduous tree on the right.

    Mastorochoria: Pyrsogianni, Vourbiani, Gorgopotamos and Plikati

    • Villages and Settlements
    • Cities
    • Physical Geography
  • Greek Culture
    Greek Culture

    Greek culture in its many forms: customs and traditions, folklore and music, from antiquity to the present.

    Black-and-white photograph of riders on horseback amid a crowd, with onlookers on the wooden balcony of a building.

    The Zygies of Naoussa: Zournas, Daouli and Patinades in the Genitsaroi and Boules

    A laouto player beside a priest and fellow diners at an open-air seated glenti, with a woman in traditional dress behind them.

    Sousta and Mantinades in Olympos, Karpathos: The Order of the Seated Glenti

    A woman with a child and a man on decorated white horses beside shop tables on a cobbled street at night.

    The Kourbani of Agia Paraskevi on Lesbos: Saint Charalampos, Kiskek and the Riders

    • Folklore
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    • Customs and Traditions
  • Mythology
    Mythology

    Myths, gods and heroes of Greek, Roman and other mythologies, with their sources, meaning and legacy.

    Cylinder seal impression showing two heroes seizing and striking a winged, human-headed bull.

    The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Flower of Immortality: Humankind’s Defeat by Time

    Höðr drives a long red weapon through Baldr as Loki leans close to his ear, in an Icelandic manuscript illustration of 1760.

    The Death of Baldr and the Mistletoe: Loki’s Treachery and the Portent of Ragnarök

    Pair of scrolls by Kōno Bairei: the Buddha's parinirvana on the left, Uzume dancing before Amaterasu's cave on the right.

    Amaterasu and the Heavenly Rock Cave: The Myth of the Sun’s Return

    • Greek Mythology
    • Roman Mythology
    • World Mythologies
  • People and Biographies
    People and Biographies

    Biographies of historical and religious figures, writers and philosophers who left their mark on Greece and the world.

    Marble head of a bald, bearded man attributed to the historian Herodotus, on a pedestal in the Stoa of Attalos, Athens

    Herodotus: the historian from Halicarnassus and his inquiry into the Persian Wars

    Marble relief of the Apotheosis of Homer, inspired by the Homeric epics, with Zeus, the Muses and the enthroned poet

    The Homeric Epics: The Iliad, the Odyssey and the Question of Their Composition

    • Historical Figures
    • Writers and Philosophers
    • Religious Figures
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Theophanes the Cretan

Saint Christopher by Theophanes wading through a river, with Christ on his left shoulder and a leafy staff in his right hand
Greek ArtPost-Byzantine Art

Theophanes Strelitzas Bathas: Saint Christopher at the Anapafsas Monastery

With the Christ Child on his shoulder and a leafy staff in his hand, Theophanes’ Saint Christopher wades across the river in the wall painting at the Anapafsas Monastery, Meteora. A study of the 1527 work, with particular attention to the dress and to the Western iconographic tradition of the subject.
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Full-length Saint James the Persian with a cross, domed headdress and reddish-brown mantle, in a fresco by Theophanes.
Greek ArtPost-Byzantine Art

Theophanes Strelitzas Bathas: Saint James the Persian

Clad in sumptuous robes and a striking domed headdress, Saint James the Persian holds the martyr’s cross in Theophanes the Cretan’s fresco at the Anapafsas Monastery. This study examines the costume, the face and the inscription of the 1527 image.
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A laouto player beside a priest and fellow diners at an open-air seated glenti, with a woman in traditional dress behind them.

Sousta and Mantinades in Olympos, Karpathos: The Order of the Seated Glenti

Venus embraces the seated Adonis beneath a tree, with Cupid at lower left and a hunting dog on the right.

Hans von Aachen: Venus and Adonis

Two-handled vase showing Nemesis holding a scroll before an enthroned Zeus, with an eagle near the throne.

Hubris, Ate, Nemesis: The Moral Lessons of Ancient Myth and Tragedy

Mask of Phobos with wide-open eyes and a gaping mouth at the centre of a twelve-petalled rosette with black petals.

Monsters of Greek Mythology: Fear of the Unknown and the Underworld

Marble head with wavy hair and a beard, catalogued as ‘Head of Christ or Zeus’.

Beyond Myth: What Did the Olympian Gods Really Symbolise for the Ancient Greeks?

A woman with a child and a man on decorated white horses beside shop tables on a cobbled street at night.

The Kourbani of Agia Paraskevi on Lesbos: Saint Charalampos, Kiskek and the Riders

Orpheus, seated, playing a bowed stringed instrument among animals and birds on a circular bronze plaquette.

Orpheus and Eurydice: The Price of a Glance and the Limits of Love in the Face of Death

Saints George and Demetrios standing frontally in armour, holding raised spears against a blue background

Saints George and Demetrios in the Hagioi Anargyroi, Kastoria

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