Greek Encyclopedia
Greek EncyclopediaHistory, art, culture, mythology, geography and technology
  • History
    History

    Greek and world history from antiquity to the present day: events, eras, states and the people who shaped them.

    Hand-colored cartouche of a 1788 map showing Catherine II and Ottoman dignitaries, reflecting the Russo-Ottoman dispute over Crimea after the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

    The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774): Its Terms, the Question of Orthodox Protection, and the Greek World

    Historical map of ancient Greece showing the Athenian and Spartan alliances at the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC, and Greece under the Theban hegemony in 362 BC

    Ancient Greece and Rome: Citizenship, Oliganthropia and the Limits of Political Unity

    The red katholikon of the Great Lavra Monastery, with its dome and arched windows, against a wooded mountainside

    Saint Habakkuk the New Martyr (†1628): the monk-martyr of Thessaloniki and the Great Lavra note

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  • Greek Art
    Greek Art

    Greek art across the centuries, from ancient sculpture and pottery to Byzantine icons and modern Greek painting.

    Full-length figure of Joachim in a silver chiton and rose himation, praying beside an arched opening with plant ornament

    The Ancestors of God Joachim and Anna in the Pantanassa at Mystras

    Saints George and Demetrios standing frontally in armour, holding raised spears against a blue background

    Saints George and Demetrios in the Hagioi Anargyroi, Kastoria

    Saint Christopher by Theophanes wading through a river, with Christ on his left shoulder and a leafy staff in his right hand

    Theophanes Strelitzas Bathas: Saint Christopher at the Anapafsas Monastery

    • Ancient Greek Art
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    • Post-Byzantine Art
    • Modern and Contemporary Greek Art
  • World Art
    World Art

    Art from Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas and Oceania: major works, artists, movements and artistic traditions.

    Peace raises an olive branch between the personifications of the Arts and Abundance, beneath a red curtain.

    Hans von Aachen: Allegory of Peace, Art and Abundance

    Hans von Aachen’s Allegory of Justice, with sword and scales, nude Truth at her side and a lion above a fallen male figure.

    Hans von Aachen: Allegory of Justice

    Anaxagoras of Clazomenae as an old man with bare torso, raised arm and dividers above a celestial globe, beneath a cloudy sky

    Anaxagoras of Clazomenae: The Philosopher of Mind in Ribera and Langetti

    • European Art
      • Classical European Painting
      • Modern and Contemporary European Art
    • Asian Art
    • African Art
    • Art of the Americas
    • Oceanic Art
    • Slavic, Coptic and Armenian Art
  • Geography of Greece
    Geography of Greece

    The geography of Greece: its cities, villages and settlements, mountains, rivers, islands and natural landscape.

    Stone-paved lane between stone buildings, with an arched opening on the left and a timber shelter beside a large deciduous tree on the right.

    Mastorochoria: Pyrsogianni, Vourbiani, Gorgopotamos and Plikati

    White façade of the Church of Saint Marina on Sifnos, with its bell gable and an entrance decorated with palm fronds.

    Agia Marina, Sifnos: the settlement and its church at Kamares

    Small harbour on Alonissos with moored boats, white houses on the hillside and a tall layered rock on the right.

    Alonissos: The Natural Beauty and Settlements of a Verdant Island

    • Villages and Settlements
    • Cities
    • Physical Geography
  • Greek Culture
    Greek Culture

    Greek culture in its many forms: customs and traditions, folklore and music, from antiquity to the present.

    Stone-paved lane between stone buildings, with an arched opening on the left and a timber shelter beside a large deciduous tree on the right.

    Mastorochoria: Pyrsogianni, Vourbiani, Gorgopotamos and Plikati

    Black-and-white photograph of riders on horseback amid a crowd, with onlookers on the wooden balcony of a building.

    The Zygies of Naoussa: Zournas, Daouli and Patinades in the Genitsaroi and Boules

    A laouto player beside a priest and fellow diners at an open-air seated glenti, with a woman in traditional dress behind them.

    Sousta and Mantinades in Olympos, Karpathos: The Order of the Seated Glenti

    • Folklore
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    • Customs and Traditions
  • Mythology
    Mythology

    Myths, gods and heroes of Greek, Roman and other mythologies, with their sources, meaning and legacy.

    Cylinder seal impression showing two heroes seizing and striking a winged, human-headed bull.

    The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Flower of Immortality: Humankind’s Defeat by Time

    Höðr drives a long red weapon through Baldr as Loki leans close to his ear, in an Icelandic manuscript illustration of 1760.

    The Death of Baldr and the Mistletoe: Loki’s Treachery and the Portent of Ragnarök

    Pair of scrolls by Kōno Bairei: the Buddha's parinirvana on the left, Uzume dancing before Amaterasu's cave on the right.

    Amaterasu and the Heavenly Rock Cave: The Myth of the Sun’s Return

    • Greek Mythology
    • Roman Mythology
    • World Mythologies
  • People and Biographies
    People and Biographies

    Biographies of historical and religious figures, writers and philosophers who left their mark on Greece and the world.

    Saint John the Iberian with a white beard, holding a cross and a scroll, in a wall painting at Iviron Monastery.

    Saint John the Iberian: Founder of Iviron Monastery

    Saint Adalbert of Prague with mitre and open book beside Saint Procopius, against a gold ground.

    Saint Adalbert of Prague: His Life and His Memory in Europe

    Saint Domitilla with Saints Nereus and Achilleus, palm branches and angels in a painting by Rubens.

    Saints Nereus and Achilleus: The Early Evidence and the Domitilla Tradition

    • Historical Figures
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Trial of the Arginusae generals

Historical map of ancient Greece showing the Athenian and Spartan alliances at the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC, and Greece under the Theban hegemony in 362 BC
AntiquityHistory

Ancient Greece and Rome: Citizenship, Oliganthropia and the Limits of Political Unity

Why did Rome manage to unite Italy while Sparta and Athens never united Greece? A critical reading of the sources on citizenship, Spartan oliganthropia and the trial of the Arginusae generals.
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Hans von Aachen’s Allegory of Justice, with sword and scales, nude Truth at her side and a lion above a fallen male figure.

Hans von Aachen: Allegory of Justice

Full-length Saint James the Persian with a cross, domed headdress and reddish-brown mantle, in a fresco by Theophanes.

Theophanes Strelitzas Bathas: Saint James the Persian

Pair of scrolls by Kōno Bairei: the Buddha's parinirvana on the left, Uzume dancing before Amaterasu's cave on the right.

Amaterasu and the Heavenly Rock Cave: The Myth of the Sun’s Return

Saints George and Demetrios standing frontally in armour, holding raised spears against a blue background

Saints George and Demetrios in the Hagioi Anargyroi, Kastoria

Marble torso of a Spartan hoplite with a Corinthian helmet and tall crest, known as “Leonidas”, from the acropolis of Sparta

Dorians, Aeolians, Ionians, Achaeans: the ancient Greek tribes from Homer to Herodotus

Saint Christopher by Theophanes wading through a river, with Christ on his left shoulder and a leafy staff in his right hand

Theophanes Strelitzas Bathas: Saint Christopher at the Anapafsas Monastery

Agios Georgios near Pyrgos seen from a drone, with tiled roofs among olive groves and low hills.

Agios Georgios, Pyrgos: a village in Elis

Saint John the Iberian with a white beard, holding a cross and a scroll, in a wall painting at Iviron Monastery.

Saint John the Iberian: Founder of Iviron Monastery

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